When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names

When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names By Mark Nichol Hardly any specialized composing mistakes drive editors to interruption like unnecessary capitalization does. This emission of capitalitis (a pathogen also called Uppercasis ludicrosii) is regularly found in references to plants and creatures. Words that involve the names of plant species are commonly lowercase: â€Å"Lumber from the live oak is once in a while utilized for furniture.† Exceptions happen when at least one of the words is named after an individual or a geological area, as for the sake of the California poppy. (The blooming plant bougainvillea is named after French pioneer Louis Antoine de Bougainville, however plant names so propelled are as yet lowercase.) A special case is additionally made for references to sorts of products of the soil, for example, Red Delicious apples or Early Girl tomatoes. At that point there are names of cultivars, or developed assortments, of plants, for example, that of a sort of broccoli, Brassica oleracea ‘Calabrese’. The show in herbal science is to encase the name of the cultivar in single quotes. Note likewise the special case to the standard about setting shutting accentuation inside quotes; this arrangement, additionally utilized in phonetics and theory, mirrors the expectation to explain the exact wording being referred to. Notice the emphasized name referenced simply above, and the funny one in the primary passage: Those are models, separately valid and fake, of binomial terminology, the arrangement of Latin-enlivened logical names forever frames. The main component, the variety name, is promoted; the subsequent component, the species name, isn't (regardless of whether it gets from a spot name, as in Artemisia californica, the name of a plant found in California). Such terms, as appeared here, are for the most part emphasized. Binomial terminology is, obviously, additionally utilized for creatures, including the independently inquisitive one assigned as Homo sapiens. Be that as it may, as on account of plant names, creature names are not promoted (â€Å"I detected a red-followed hawk,† not â€Å"I recognized a Red-Tailed Hawk†), with the exception of when a component of the name is a formal person, place or thing, as in â€Å"Steller’s jay† and â€Å"Siberian tiger.† Creature breeds, in contrast to sorts of produce and plant cultivars, are given no uncommon treatment: Your cocker spaniel is unique, obviously, however its variety name justifies no capitalization. In any case, numerous names of types of canines and felines are special cases, for example, those of the German shepherd, the Siamese feline, and the Thoroughbred pony. The prevalence of such models might be the reason for disarray about capitalization of creature names. The principles are entangled, yet it’s a basic enough issue to get a decision: Check the word reference. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Spelling class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†At Your DisposalWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

International media and telecommunications are not promoting a more Research Paper

Universal media and broadcast communications are not advancing a progressively serene - Research Paper Example The media has unique and inverse jobs during the war. During a war for example, the media could decide to focus on pulverizing the war rather than lifting up the opportunity from the oppression. This talk dives into examining the position that International media and broadcast communications are not advancing serene International relations. The creator of the paper places that the media could plan and bundle the war as an intrusion against an assault. Besides, broadcast communications and media can diagram negative against an uplifting demeanor during the contention. News Media profits by the improvement in innovation area. Procedure in the least complex definition involves understanding who the players are in universal relations just as it remains in the general public today. The understanding spreads the genuine position and both outer and interior recognitions. The definition additionally incorporates having away from of where universal relations ought to get to and methods for guaranteeing it gets to the goal. They comprise explicit types of substance with an inherent informative capacity. Among others, they are structures, advancements, changes, enactment, establishments, speculations, and arrangements in the media area. They stay interesting, vital, wonderful, and newsworthy. The survey of proof applied in search strings to scrutinize five diary databases. The scientist sifted different papers after recognizable proof dependent on the date of distribution beginning the most recent decade of the twentieth century. Recognizable proof likewise considered nations with encounters in strife and broadcast communications and media related with political events. The investigation yielded twelve papers for audit. Specialists enhanced the twelve papers. The scientist reviewed proof dependent on a normal example, assessing the degree and nature of observational

The Role Of Stigma And Labelling Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Role Of Stigma And Labeling Social Work Essay In this paper I will show my dread of shame and naming. There are sure individuals who are slandered and substance clients every now and again have a negative generalization. This negativeness will oftentimes non let the substance client to look for the guide and clinical mediation that they need because of the disgrace and marking. I will talk the examination around the effects of disgrace and marking that will affect non just their intercession however in housing and work. The term disgrace starts from the antiquated Greek word and connotes that the person in question could be a slave, condemnable or treasonist and was utilized as a characteristic of disgrace and disgrace. It is currently used to portray individuals who are generalized as a result of their cultural singularity ( Pierson A ; Thomas, 2010 ) . Orchestrating to Goffman, when an individual is non ready to run into viewpoints on the grounds that their conduct or properties are undesirable or unsuitable, so shame precludes a person from cultural belief. Goffman proposes that disgrace is, an undesirable property that is mixed up with our generalization of what a given individual ought to be Goffmam ( 1963:3 ) . Shame is a use of negative names and is about rudeness. It is non only an issue of using the off base word yet marks that person who has the substance use upset. Shame results in bias and abuse and is harming to the lives of numerous individuals. The dismay of disgrace disheartens famil y units and numerous people from procuring the help and mediation that they may require to take typical solid ways of life. Disgrace denies individuals their full commitment into society which so strengthens negative generalizations ( Goffman, 1968 ) . The way of get bying with shame is to conceal practices and disguise these negative positions and as an outcome will be skilled to preference and prohibition inside numerous nations. Medication employments will remain dug in if substance clients are viewed as medication addicts . Landowners will be hesitant to permit out their belongingss and managers will be careful about giving them occupations. Work and housing are of import to substance clients as it tends to be basic in set uping themselves once more into society ( UKDPC, 2008 ) . Research surveies show that 80 % of medication clients are jobless. Bing utilized is demonstrated to be an of import constituent into the reintegration into society. Once in work, it will help with deve loping their self-pride and go into ordinary life ( UKDPC, 2008 ) . Relatives feel disgrace and quit swearing them and in certain occurrences, repudiate him/her. Network s will thumb point , look to maintain a strategic distance from contact and will dish the earth about them. Many would reason that society s dissatisfaction with tranquilize utilization ; especially hemp and diacetylmorphine will state disgrace is important to show objection ( UKDPC, 2010 ) . Shame can other than do the substance client trash themselves, do them experience altogether, dismissed and destruct their self-pride. Looking for help is extremely hard for the substance client and will thwart them from making so. They will as often as possible experience that stopping would be no utilization and coming back to ordinary life would be unimaginable on the grounds that individuals in the public arena will no longer swear them thus will fall in with other medication clients, start condemnable exercises to pay for their use and tolerating the implication of society ( UKDPC, 2010 ) . We will compose a custom exposition test on The Role Of Stigma And Labeling Social Work Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Role Of Stigma And Labeling Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Role Of Stigma And Labeling Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Disgrace demoralizes family units and people from gaining the help and intercession they require. Families endure the effect when another family part has a medication utilization ( UKDPC, 2009 ) and it changes all their cultural solicitations and companions that they one time had. Other family unit individuals will much of the time retreat and children will oftentimes be focused by endures. Shame denies individuals of their full collaboration into society. The UK Drug Policy Commission ( UKDPC ) proposes that 1.5 Million individuals in the UK are influenced by a relations medicate utilization. Strong connections are cardinal to a fruitful recuperation. Carers UK authorized an overview which evaluated that carers in the UK made a piece of ?87 billion in whole financial incentive in one twelvemonth. This may hold prohibited numerous who have non come frontward with get bying with a connection who has a medication work however this gives us some indicant of the cultural part most likely to be made by the back uping families ( DrugScope/Adfam, 2009 ) . The medication client must hold finding and religion in making their finishes and there will probably be turns around and obstructions yet with the help and part of cultural laborers, bolster gatherings, family unit and companions, this will help towards the recuperation strategy ( HM Government, 2010 ) . Families and connections are cardinal issues for recuperation and medication clients improve when their family is behind them. They are more than most likely to complete intercession and keep their new ways of life ( Best A ; Laudet, 2010 ) . DrugScope distributed research in 2009 by scrutinizing an arbitrary example of more than 1000 individuals matured 18 or more. The examination distributed indicated that one out of five adults had an individual encounter of medication use, either immediate or aberrant. The discoveries where: 19 % have individual experience of medication reliance either straight or among family unit or companions ; 1 of every 10 adults have a companion who has understanding of medication reliance ; 1 of every 20 have encountered tranquilize reliance in their family ; 1 of every 50 has individual experience of medication reliance. 77 % concur putting resources into tranquilize mediation is sensible utilization of specialists cash . The peddle found that 19 % either had immediate or aberrant individual experience of a family part or cognizing individual inside their friend network. 11 % were probably going to hold a companion who has encountered tranquilize reliance. 6 % had family unit individuals who were tranquilize subordinate, yet 2 % encountered the medication reliance themselves. These figures do recommend that medication misuse and the reliance do affect numerous individuals s lives and is a cultural activity ( DrugScope, 2009 ) . Disgrace to substance clients will perchance do reliance recuperation and intercession all the more hard. Substance clients every now and again oversee stealthily and would rather non search out the mediation and unrecorded trying to claim ignorance. The University of Nevada contemplated 197 medication clients on the effects of trashing. This exploration recognized that as a result of the use of disgrace they would go progressively reliant on their medication use because of the apparent negativeness that the general public had on sedate clients. 60 % of medication clients in this overview felt that they were dealt with in any case after individuals realized that they were a medication client. 46 % felt that others got scared of them one time they discovered and 45 % felt that their family units abandoned them and needed nil more to make with them. 38 % of their companions had dismissed them and in the long run, 14 % of businesses paid a lower pay ( Addiction, 2010 ) . Clients have no thing but bad ground to stop using when you see this examination review. This examination distinguishes that shame is reason alone. Medication clients other than had an all the more hard clasp in mediation at wining when there were higher degrees of shame. The overview other than demonstrated that sedate clients oftentimes adapt covertly because of their powerlessness to transparently talk their reliance ; this caused hapless mental health and diminished their chances of recuperation. By cut bringing down disgrace the general public could help with driving frontward in helping the intercession of medication clients who are non coming frontward because of shame ( Addiction, 2010 ) . Demonizing is non just found among the masses however close to by the experts who might be working straight with them. Experts, for example, doctors and attendants, who work straight with medicate clients, will hold a more prominent entrance into the employments that sedate clients face on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours balance. Mill operator et Al ( 2001 ) referenced in UKDPC ( 2010:30 ) summed up look into from the USA which indicated an expansion in pessimism towards sedate clients. Two surveies of the intercession of employments with tranquilize clients and consumers both in the prisoner consideration and security net exigency area indicated that negative situations during planning, proceeded with when they got qualified and working inside their example ( UKDPC, 2010 ) . Shame between health experts and the medication client will prevent them from looking for help and might be one of the grounds with regards to why the medication client will non search out the guide or clinical intercession that they require ( Kelly A ; Westerhoff, 2010 ) . Everybody realizes that it is mistaken to know separated, regardless of whether it is a result of their race, human advancement or confidence. Substance use is extremely normal and is broadly misjudged. It is crucial that we find out about the individual and humble with sense of pride and respect. This will so help with focusing on their capacities ( Mental Health and Recovery Board, 2009 ) . Open mentalities to sedate reliance were investigated in the UK in 2002 ( Luty A ; Grewal, 2002 ) . Results demonstrated that 28 % viewed sedate clients as holding a psychological wellbeing work. 38 % accepted that tranquilize clients were criminals and 78 % to be fraudulent and undependable. 30 % said that they merited the misfortune that fell upon them. 62 % felt that the law were too much delicate on tranquilize clients and 40 % accepted that their children ought to be taken into consideration. It was finished up by Luty and Grewal, 2002, the outcomes unmistakably demonstrate a negative situa tion of medication nuts ( Luty A ; Grewal, 2002:94 ) . However, DrugScope in 2009 needed to occur out the atti

Quotes of Alexander Graham Bell

Statements of Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell was the designer who was first to patent an effective phone device and later markets a household phone organize. To cite Alexander Graham Bell, we need to begin with the primary voice message at any point transmitted, which was, Mr. Watson - come here - I need to see you. Watson was Bells collaborator at that point and the statement was the main sound of a voice at any point transmitted by power. Alexander Graham Bell Quotes Any place you may discover the creator, you may give him riches or you may take from him all that he has; and he will continue concocting. He can no more assistance creating that he can help thinking or relaxing. The innovator views the world and isn't satisfied with things as they seem to be. He needs to improve whatever he sees, he needs to profit the world; he is spooky by a thought. The soul of development has him, looking for appearance. Incredible revelations and enhancements constantly include the collaboration of numerous personalities. I might be given acknowledgment for having pioneered the path, yet when I take a gander at the ensuing advancements I feel the credit is because of others instead of to myself. At the point when one entryway shuts, another entryway opens; yet we so frequently look so long and remorsefully upon the shut entryway, that we don't see the ones which open for us. What this force is I can't state; all I know is that it exists and it opens up just when a man is in that perspective wherein he knows precisely what he needs and is completely decided not to stop until he discovers it. America is a nation of creators, and the best of innovators are the paper men. The conclusive outcome of our inquires about has extended the class of substances delicate to light vibrations until we can propound the reality of such affectability being a general property of all issue. Steadiness must have some reasonable end, or it doesn't profit the man having it. An individual without a down to earth end in see turns into a wrench or a bonehead. Such people fill our refuges. A man, when in doubt, owes almost no to what he is brought into the world with †a man is what he thinks about himself. Concentrate the entirety of your contemplations upon the current work. The sun’s beams don't consume until brought to a core interest. The best men, at long last, are those whose achievement is the aftereffect of consistent gradual addition. Watson, on the off chance that I can get a component which will cause a flow of power to fluctuate in its force, as the air differs in thickness when a sound is going through it, I can broadcast any stable, even the sound of speech.​ I at that point yelled into the mouthpiece the accompanying sentence: Mr. Watson, Come here, I need to see you. To my joy, e came and pronounced that he had heard and comprehended what I said. I requested that he rehash the words. He replied, You stated, Mr. Watson, come here I need to see you.

Create a Perfect Study Environment Around Yourself 12 Tips

Make a Perfect Study Environment Around Yourself 12 Tips Make a Perfect Study Environment Around Yourself Understudy life is fairly captivating and on occasion offers a lot of fun. Being youthful and having loads of friends†¦ Is there something else you requirement for joy? An inviting understudy network and an energizing extracurricular condition may offer a high fun factor; be that as it may, numerous understudies experience troubles when its opportunity to prepare for tests or complete a significant task. School and college examines expect arrangement to develop balanced instruction. Self-inspiration and the capacity to sort out your time and exercises are to be viewed as first. Here are 12 hints to assist understudies with making an ideal examining condition! Pick a legitimate spot for your examinations Discover a spot which will suit your investigations with respect to every single key factor: lightning, happy with sitting and a table. Attempt to abstain from utilizing a similar spot for contemplating and resting (Cohn, 2013). Where you study should enable you to think, not nod off! Get furnished with all that you need Picking a spot and getting option to work is a certain something, yet its additionally fundamental to sift through everything around you, and ensure you have all the essential instruments and reference materials so there’s no compelling reason to scan for things each and every second (Cohn, 2013). Keep your examining place clean Keep where you study clean and clean it routinely. Wadded up papers and recolored espresso cups are probably going to bring issue into your brain. A perfectly requested table and a lot of outside air in your room can support your mind-set and upgrade your mental aptitude! Diminish the quantity of interruptions Avoid loud places. A couple of specialists believe that delicate ambient melodies benefits your fixation and, simultaneously, supports your scholarly investigations; yet there is additionally proof to recommend that consultation a recognizable tune and murmuring alongside it is bound to divert you from your examinations (Flavin, 2015). Utilize the library Go to the library and invest energy concentrating there. Find and use books identified with your subjects. Being encircled with twelve books will give you a superior knowledge into the topic of your examinations, and the library itself will likewise fill in as a motivating domain for you. Incorporate normal breaks into your investigations Once you’ve sorted out your workplace and got away from all aggravations, you can drench completely into your examinations and let the entire world disregard you until the following occasion. No chance! Dont disregard work/rest balance! Take standard breaks to energize your batteries and get some motivation (Cohn, 2013). Go out for some time and inhale some natural air or have a bite. You’ll notice that these brief delays can make your examinations progressively successful and invigorate your psychological capacities! Leave your devices aside for some time Settle on a choice to abstain from utilizing your iPad and cell phone while you study. You may believe that you cannot manage without them a solitary moment, however truth be told, its false! Unplug your gadgets or turn the quiet mode on. This will assist you with focusing on the test or venture, rather than constant pointless visiting. Also, being quiet for quite a while will assist you with creating new thoughts and show signs of improvement knowledge of the subject you’re managing (Flavin, 2015). Remember your inspiration Continuously recall the objectives you need to accomplish through examining (Cohn, 2013). Its essential to comprehend why you have to get great training, so imagine a significant objective that you long for and discover something to speak to this fantasy to yourself that you can hold tight your divider or put on the front of your journal. Examine this picture each time you begin losing your eagerness. Keep in mind, all your contemplating implies something! Be steady Dont get debilitated if some errand appears to be somewhat testing. Partition extreme errands into pieces to adapt to them effectively (Cohn, 2013). Along these lines, if something appears to be too troublesome today, it will get a lot simpler tomorrow! Make the rundown of assignments for every day Regardless of what number of issues you need to manage, or what number of pages you need to make, its difficult to do everything in only one day (Cohn, 2013). Investigate the measure of work you have left to do and make a rundown of things to achieve every day (for example to locate the required sources, to readwrite 20 pages). Toward the day's end, cross out all the things that you’ve finished. Utilizing such methodology will make your examinations very much planned and better-composed, and you’ll keep away from issues with due dates. Picking time for contemplates †a go-getter or an evening person? Examining both day and night before a test or composing the day and night before turning in a research project is inconsequential and debilitating. Pick when you can peruse a ton, investigate data, make theory, with the goal that your academic work is the best (Flavin, 2015). It for the most part relies upon your organic clock; so morning or night hours for considers; you’re the one to pick. Make your examining condition suit you! Alongside securing great information and getting fantastic scholarly outcomes, its essential to make the most of your investigations! Attempt to arrange you study-place only the manner in which you like it. Get another agreeable seat for yourself, or put a pleasant plant on your table. To sum up everything above, let’s state basically that your examination condition, whenever sorted out the correct way, will support your disposition and raise your evaluations. 1. Flavin. 12 Tips to Create a Perfect Studying Environment for You. 18 May. 2015. http://rasmussen.edu/ 2. Cohn. 10 Tips to Create a Good Studying Environment. 22 Apr. 2013 http://examiner.com/

Discover Exercise and Wellness FPOP

Discover Exercise and Wellness FPOP My Freshman Pre-Orientation Program (FPOP), Discover Exercise and Wellness (DEW), was amazing. DEW was nobodys first choice of FPOP, at least not for anyone who participated. That hurt for a couple of daysâ€"If I cant get into an FPOP, what can I get into an MIT?” I figured DEW was worth trying anyway: best to get comfortable on campus before the orientation stampede. And I didnt want to miss any MIT opportunities (helped that I got accepted as a blogger while packing). The 3.5 days of DEW, also the first days of college, were intense. The East Campus Head of House warned the frosh after dorm rush to not go at 90 mph from the start, but he was too late. On my first day at MIT, I talked to my roommate, from the Discover Aerospace FPOP, until 4 am. It was the latest I had stayed up in my life (with the exception of New Year’s Eve in Ukraine and maybe CPW).  The DEW FPOP gave me new friends and skills. Made me appreciate the breadth of MIT offerings for athletes and beyond. The main benefit of DEW: exposure to MIT athletics. We got several personalized tours, including through the tiny doors of the indoor golf coursesâ€"why MIT has toddler doors for mini-golf remains a mystery. The long-term benefit of DEW: 2 PE points and passing the swim test early. I don’t have half my PE points still, but at least I don’t have to worry about swimming. I would’ve failed the swim test in front of an awkward crowd. Then I’d delay it until I could no longer fit into my freshman swimsuit. The unexpected benefit of DEW: multiple adrenaline rushes, something I’ve avoided before and sinceâ€"that start-of-college-90-mph energy has reduced substantially. Note: credit for most images goes to our wonderful DEW mentor DAY 1 The first day started with team-building. Then we tried high ropes and trapezeâ€"I made it up and out! At the end of the day, the group tried to explain softball to me, an immigrant. I think I got it at the end? In between, we took a sports facilities tour, learned about nutrition, and played ultimate frisbee. We also got a lecture about preventing substance abuse, where I learned that one can earn $30 for a 1.5-hour confidential talk with a substance abuse counselor about your alcohol issues (or the absence of them). We also learned that MIT students tend to drink safely. And we got a swag multi-tool from the Office of Community Development and Substance Abuse. DAY 2 On Day 2, we started with spin class, and I was butthurt, but also determined to take a formal Spinning PE during the semester. Then we had yoga, which I could do. Also featured on Day 2: sleep and stress management lectures, swim and boat tests, pizza, and more swag (including t-shirts with inspirational quotes that all freshmen get after passing the swim test). For the swim tests, we got the giant pool to ourselves. Convenient, as it took three tries for me to pass the 100-yard (~91 m) test. I gave up midway on the first two tries, and had to swim moreâ€"not a great strategy. But the adrenaline only kicked in on the third tryâ€"or it could’ve been the embarrassment of having to take a walk while other DEW-ers were playing underwater hockey with the MIT team. According to the trainers, it looked like I would faint. At the end of the second day, we went on a boat tour of the Boston Harbor, passing just as the USS Constitution fired its cannon at sunrise. I wrote later in my blogger notes that it was “chilly but beautiful.” That evening, a fellow math major DEW-er and I decided to be “math gangsters.” I think that gang has been disbanded.     DAY 3 Day 3 started with a lecture on eating healthy at MIT. Then we tried crossfit. I really wanted to like crossfitâ€"the cool, new, and healthy thingâ€"but I didn’t. I couldn’t. The intermittent strength and cardio training was not fulfilling enough to justify the pain. After lunch, we went downtown for a Freedom Trail Tour, led by a historically-dressed guide. The man attracted puzzled looks, despite the ad with his face plastered over the trash bins. A passing Ukrainian-speaking woman told her friend about us over the phoneâ€"interesting time to hear my language. The Freedom Trail Tour was the only historical Boston activity Ive done in college. Sure, I go to Faneuil Hall, but only to shop and eat. It’s a curious phenomenon: passing tourists pay to learn, while resident students never hear about Bostons past. At the end of the Tour, we pushed through the crowded Haymarket, where I got $1 raspberries and resolved to come back every week. Day 3 ended with BBQ at the sailing pavilion and a boat ride on the Charles River with a member of the Sailing team. She was a real MIT student, so we asked a lot of questions.   DAY 4 Day 4 was start of REX (Residence Exploration) and move-in day for all pre-frosh, so we only had half a day of FPOP. Our DEW group went on a private tour of Fenway Park, home of the Red Sox and oldest ballpark in MLB. Having just sort of learned about softball, I mostly appreciated the views, and took pictures for the blogs. Even though I wasn’t an official blogger yet, I made sure to document everything and ask my companions for consent to be featured on the blogs. Back on campus, we tried body sculpting with the crossfit trainer. She told us that gaining muscle helps lose calories and I resolved to take a Body Sculpting PE right after the Spinning PE. I was a lot more ambitious back thenâ€"now I still have two PE classes to complete. We ended the FPOP discussing a future reunion. Our mentor revealed we were getting 4 PE points for the program. That’s the equivalent of two PE classes, halfway through the MIT PE requirement  (alas, I found later that DEW was worth only two points). _______________ DEW was the perfect start to MIT, and maybe the most wholesome thing I did in collegeâ€"with exercise, fresh air activities, and educational tours of Boston. Even if those four days were also a 90-mph disaster. How cool is it that MIT freshmen can start off college by trying crossfit and making lawn chairs fly? Or fighting a cross-campus Water War and building rollercoasters during REX? No surprise the Institute was ranked the #2 “Work Hard Play Hard” school last year. Post Tagged #East Campus #FPOP #PE #photography #REX #swim test

Conviction in The Conjoined Donna’s Repeated Voluntary Manslaughter - Literature Essay Samples

Voluntary manslaughter is defined by as a killing preceded by, â€Å"a circumstance that may cause a reasonable person to become emotionally disturbed or considered as a murder fueled by passion or impulse (Jackson 2018).† In Jen Sookfong Lee’s novel, The Conjoined, foster mother Donna experienced this when her foster children Casey and Jamie’s torment brought up memories of her childhood. She neglected to save her brother’s life due to the abuse he put her through. When the girls arrived Donna saw an opportunity to use them to resolve her childhood trauma. Instead, their actions caused her to repeat the past and she fell victim to a state of temporary insanity, briefly unable to understand the consequences of her actions during the criminal act (NOLO 2018). The unreciprocated love and abuse Donna endured combined with her violent tendencies caused her to commit voluntary manslaughter against Casey and Jamie. While Donna had experience taking care of foster kids, Jamie and Casey brought new challenges. Many times throughout the novel, it was stated that Donna â€Å"didn’t need handholding (Lee 87)† as a foster mother. Social workers would count on her to take the kids who were more difficult or required more attention, and Donna would love and care for them. Unfortunately, Casey and Jamie overwhelmed her, running away and stealing from her. Donna never needed help before; she was independent and took care of everyone else. When Casey and Jamie became unbearable she was unsure what to do. She contacted the social worker in charge of the girls, but was repeatedly denied help. They stayed with Donna for a week and a half rather than the standard two or three nights. No one noticed at the time, but Gerry retrospectively admitted, â€Å"obviously, your mother [Donna] needed help. I couldn’t see that†¦ (Lee 125)†. Jessica even heard Donna cry, â€Å"What am I d oing wrong? (Lee 20)†, but did not talk to anyone about it due to her confidence in her mother’s perceived strength. Even though the girls treated her badly, when they returned safely after running away Donna was elated. She ran to hug them but they â€Å"backed up, fast, until they were flat against the wall (Lee 113)†, obviously avoiding her affection. Not only was Donna overwhelmed by the girls, but Donna had a similar experience of unrequited love in childhood with her brother, Devin. As a girl, Donna expressed to her mother, â€Å"I love him [Devin] so much, Mother. But he’s always so mean, like he hates me (Lee 166)†. The two lived alone with their mother in an isolated house. Donna just wanted a friend, but Devin was never interested in pursuing a relationship. Donna’s clear inability to cope with these abusive and one-sided relationships created an emotionally disturbed state of mind in which led her to commit voluntary manslaughter. Devin taunted Donna throughout their childhood, pulling her dolls’ heads off and laughing at the tea parties she set for him. One night Devin came into the room while Donna was bathing and began pinching her body. He told their mother she was acting â€Å"like a whore (Lee 174)†. This culmination of Devin’s mistreatment caused Donna to chase him out onto the rocks. In this case, she held her negative emotions in for so long that when Devin took things too far, she was mentally unstable. She said to her mother, â€Å"I hate him [Devin] so much. I hope he dies (Lee 174).† This harassment resurfaced when the girls’ disdain for Donna evolved into physical and verbal abuse. Casey punched Donna in the mouth after Donna suggested they talk about their past. She threatened to hit Donna again if she did not stop pressuring them to talk. On one occasion Casey and Jamie burst into the bathroom while adult Donna was bathing. They took pictures of her, called he r vulgar names and stole her clothes and towels. Filled with thoughts of the torment Devin put her through, Donna did not think clearly. She acted in a state of passion in both situations, committing voluntary manslaughter against both the girls and Devin. Donna resorted to violence repeatedly throughout her life. She was always larger than Devin, and could exploit this natural advantage when they fought. Despite the fact that he was often feverish, Donna would seek physical revenge on Devin for his antics. She even chases him through the house and onto the slippery rocks of a cliff during a storm. When they fought, their mother could only, â€Å"prevent Donna from drawing blood (Lee 163).† Over the years though, Donna changed. She developed into a person who was described by her daughter as near perfect. This angelic image of her mother was so strong that Jessica repressed a memory of a violent event she witnessed simply to maintain the illusion. When Donna found Casey and Jamie scheming to run away and stealing food she threatened them, saying, â€Å"I will sit in the kitchen and watch you eat all the leftover and dried-up food you can handle. And then, you can throw up and eat some more (Lee 189)†. As the girls cried, Donna threatened to call the police. Despite Jessica’s glowing reviews of Donna as a foster mother, Donna even told the girls she has, â€Å"lots of experience dealing with brats like you (Lee 189)†. This statement implied that Donna intended to hurt Casey and Jamie, but also that her past foster children have experienced threats and abuse from Donna. The pattern of violence throughout the novel made it plausible that Donna could have killed the girls. Overall, Donna is guilty of voluntary manslaughter, supported by her unreciprocated love, the abuse she suffered, and her violent tendencies. The buildup of neglect from both Devin and the girls created a basis for Donna’s negative emotions. When the abuse started in each case, Donna became more and more upset. The climactic bathtub scenes parallel each other, each time pushing Donna over the edge. In Casey and Jamie’s case it was doubly impactful as it brought back traumatic memories of Devin’s death. Neglect and abuse lead to an altered state of mind in which Donna could not fathom the severity of the crimes she committed. Donna was accustomed to using violence in stressful situations. Her childhood consisted of constant fights with Devin, all of which she won due to her size. When Donna was not in control, she resorted to forceful tactics. She was a passionate person in many aspects of her life, caring for her family and neighbours. Unfortunately, this passion transferred easily to her rage. She took three lives over the course of her own life, each in a crime of passion. Donna was compelled by neglect and abuse to develop violent tendencies in childhood, which surfaced in her adult life when she committed voluntary manslaughter against Casey and Jamie. Bibliography Jackson White Attorneys at Law. jacksonwhitelaw.com. 2018, https://www.jacksonwhitelaw.com/criminal-defense-law/difference-second-degree-murder-voluntary-manslaughter/ Lee, Jen Sookfong. The Conjoined. ECW Press, 2016. NOLO. nolo.com. 2018, https://www.nolo.com/dictionary/temporary-insanity-term.html

Free MBA Program †No-Cost Online Business Courses

A free MBA program may sound too good to be true, but the fact is that nowadays you can get a well-rounded business education free. The internet has provided a way for everyone around the world to learn more about any topic theyre interested in. Some of the best colleges, universities, and business institutions in the world offer free business courses that can be completed at your convenience. These courses are self-guided, which means that you study independently and at your own pace. Will the Free MBA Program Result in a Degree? You will not receive college credit or a degree when you complete the free courses detailed below, but you may get a certificate of completion after finishing some of the courses, and you will definitely get started on the education you need to start or manage a business. The skills you pick up could also be of value in your current position or in a more advanced position within your field. The idea of completing an MBA program without earning a degree may seem disappointing, but remember, the essential point of an education is to gain knowledge, not a piece of paper. The courses shown below have been chosen to create an MBA program that provides a general business education. Youll find courses in general business, accounting, finance, marketing, entrepreneurship, leadership, and management. Accounting Understanding basic accounting procedures is important for every business student, whether you plan to enter the accounting field or not. Every individual and business uses accounting in day-to-day operations. Take all three courses to get a well-rounded view of this topic. Introduction to Accounting:  This introductory course from the U.S. Small Business Administration provides an overview of accounting. The course takes approximately 30 minutes to complete. Choose from a text-based or video-based option.Bookkeeping Course: This free online bookkeeping course is a text-based course that covers basic bookkeeping topics, such as balance sheets, cash flow statements, and debits and credits. You should participate in all course activities to cement knowledge and then test yourself with post-lesson quizzes.Principles of Financial Accounting: This University of Alaska course delves deeper into financial accounting. Lectures are delivered via slides. The course also includes homework assignments and a final exam. Advertising and Marketing Marketing is important for any business that sells a product or service. If you plan to start your own business, work in management, or pursue a career in marketing or advertising, it is essential to learn the psychology of advertising and marketing processes. Complete all three courses to gain a thorough understanding of both topics. Marketing 101:  This free business course from the U.S. Small Business Administration offers an overview of marketing with an emphasis on reaching a wider customer base. The course takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.Principles of Marketing:  Provided through Study.com, this free online course includes a series of nearly 100 short video lessons. Each video covers a specific topic and includes a post-lesson quiz.Advanced Marketing: This free MBA course from NetMBA provides detailed text-based lessons on a variety of marketing topics. Entrepreneurship Whether you plan to start your own business or not, entrepreneurship training is an important part of a general business education. This knowledge can be useful for everything from branding to product launches to project management. Explore both courses to learn about the different aspects of entrepreneurship. Introduction to Franchising: This U.S. Small Business Administration course introduces students to franchising and provides tips on choosing a franchise. The course takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.Starting a Business: This free entrepreneurship course from MyOwnBusiness.org covers key start-up topics including writing a business plan, building a business, and operation management. The course includes instruction, quizzes, and other learning materials. Leadership and Management Leadership skills are extraordinarily important in the business world,  even if you dont work in a supervisory capacity. Taking courses in leadership and management will teach you how to manage both people and the day-to-day operations of a business, department, or project. Take all three courses to gain a full understanding of management and leadership principles. Principles of Management: Study.com provides an extensive video-based course focused on business management. The course is divided into short easy-to-digest lessons, each with a post-lesson quiz.Leadership Lab: This free leadership lab from MITs Sloan School of Management consists of videos, lecture notes, assignments, and other learning materials.Business Management and Leadership: This free MBA course from Master Class Management is a mini MBA program that results in a certificate of completion. MBA Program Electives Business electives are a great way to further specialize in a topic that interests you. Here are a couple of electives to consider. You can also search out your own to focus your studies on something that interests you. Business Law: This introductory business law course from Education-Portal.com consists of short video lessons. You can test your knowledge at the end of each portion with post-lesson quizzes.Strategic Human Resources Management: MITs Sloan School of Management  offers text-based lecture notes, assignments, and a final exam focused on  human resource management strategies.   Get Real Course Credit If you would rather take courses that result in some sort of certificate or even a university recognized degree without enrolling in business school and paying a sizable tuition bill, you may want to consider looking at sites like Coursera or EdX, both of which offer courses from some of the top universities in the world. Coursera offers certificate courses and degree programs that start as low as $15. Admission is required for degree programs. EdX offers university credits for a small fee per credit hour.

Freedom Riders The United States - 2497 Words

Freedom Riders were activists who rode interstate transports into segregated southern states. The Freedom riders started their rides in 1961. They additionally rode into the southern states to backing up the decisions of the United States Supreme Court in many court cases ruling segregation unconstitutional. The Southern states disregarded the decisions and the federal government did nothing to help in the implementation of the laws. The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C., on May 4, 1961, and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans at some point on May 17. The Boynton case, which ruled that segregation on public transportation such as buses was unconstitutional, outlawed segregation in the restaurants and waiting areas in terminals that served buses that drove across state borders. About five years before the ruling, the Interstate Commerce Commission had issued a ruling in another court case that had denounced the Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine of separate but equal in interstate bus travel. The Interstate Commerce Commissioin failed to enforce its ruling, and Jim Crow laws remained enforced throughout the South. The Freedom Riders tested this decision and poor implementation of the law by riding the buses in the South in blended racial groups to test neighborhood laws or traditions that upheld seating segregation on buses. The Freedom Rides, and the brutal responses: stirred outrage, and supported the Civil Rights Movement. They called national attention to theShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom Riders For African Americans1491 Words   |  6 PagesWho are the Freedom Riders you may ask? They were a courageous and daring group, which originally consisted of seven African Americans and six Whites.They fought for the equality and justice for their race. They fought against the racist South during the early 1960’s. Their goal was to make a safer and more fair world for current and future African Americans in the United States. They went through hardship and violence from things such as, angry mobs and racist law enforcement through a period ofRead MoreFreedom Riders, By John Lewis, A Former Fre edom Rider1087 Words   |  5 PagesThis quote from John Lewis, a former Freedom Rider I believe with those words perfectly describes why these Freedom Riders began their journey. After reading the textbook, Visions of America and watching the video clip from American Experience of Freedom Riders I was able to make myself knowledgeable about Freedom Riders. Both the textbook and the video I thought engaged me into the information I was either reading or listening. So, what exactly are Freedom Riders, what were the impacts of this eventRead MoreEssay on Freedom Riders1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe Freedom Riders were a group of college students and leaders of various racial equality organizations, both blacks and whites, which tested the law of integration for public transportation. The law was instated, but Alabama especially didn’t follow it. The Freedom Riders rode buses into the cities to see if the townspeople accepted or declined the new law. They in turn ended up beat ing, pummeling, and chasing the riders out of town with the white mobs. The Freedom Riders violently fought the segregationRead MoreFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause1400 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause â€Å"If not us, then who? If not now, then when? Will there be a better day for it tomorrow or next year? Will it be less dangerous then? Will someone else’s children have to risk their lives instead of us risking ours?† -- John Lewis May 16, 1961, to other Nashville students considering joining the Freedom Rides John Lewis, a young black man who was born in the South, participated in the Freedom Rides. His statement rang true when Nashville students were facedRead MoreFreedom Riders By Rosa Parks Actions And Advised By Martin Luther King Jr.1275 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom riders fought for racial equality among African Americans in America in the 1960’s. Their purpose was to first stop segregation of transportation, and then later expand to racial equality everywhere. They were inspired by Rosa parks actions and advised by Martin Luther King Jr. The freedom riders protests lasted 7 months with about 400 members participating in them. Riders were supported by the Congress for Racial Inequality or CORE. Throughout history the southern states has been a placeRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement: Freedom Rides Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans sought to have their Constitutional Rights permitted. One form of protesting came forth in the f orm of the Freedom Rides. After slavery ended, many amendments and laws were created to ensure the rights of African Americans, but because of prejudices and racism, most of these were ignored. The Supreme Courts decision in Plessy v. Fergunson established separate but equal on interstate transportation in 1896, but in 1947 the Supreme Court foundRead MoreThe Freedom Riders Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Freedom Riders were a group of around 13 people. Most of them were African Americans but there were always a few white skinned people in the group as well. There was no set leader for the Freedom Riders. The Freedom Riders rode interstate buses into the Southern United States. The south was referred to as the most segregated part of the U.S. The main goal of the Freedom Riders was to desegregate and become â€Å"separate but equal.† They had also set out to defy the Jim Crow Laws. The Freedom RidersRead MoreFreedom Riders Speech788 Words   |  4 Pagesled to violence. In 1960, a group of brave people of a variety races came up with the idea of â€Å"Freedom Rides†. They knew the consequences of their cause, a 13 person group, protesting against something that most of the world stood for, and yet they still did everything they could do , to help end it. The Freedom Riders’ goals were to â€Å"challenge the non-enforcement of the united states supreme court decisions Morgan vs. virginia† (quizlet.com). The reason why they fought with Read MoreThe Freedom Riders Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesthis time, segregation was legal. In 1892, the Supreme Court had ruled that a state could separate whites and blacks as long as the services were equal. On May 4, 1961, a diverse group of thirteen courageous individuals known as the Freedom Riders embarked on a bus journey into the South in order to challenge segregation in bus terminals. Although many individuals believed that segregation was wrong, many southern states continued to practice racial segregation. Racial segregation is the separationRead MoreFreedom Riders By Rosa Parks Actions And Advised By Martin Luther King Jr.1275 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom riders fought for racial equality among African Americans in America in the 1960’s. Their purpose was to first stop segregation of transportation, and then later expand to racial equality everywhere. They were inspired by Rosa parks actions and advised by Martin Luther King Jr. The freedom riders protests lasted 7 months with about 400 members participating in them. Riders were supported by the Congress for Racial Inequality or CORE. Throughout history the southern states has been a place

The Origins Of Micro And Macro Social Work Practice

History serves to educate us about our past and guide the future. As social workers it is important to understand the history of our profession in order to appreciate how the current practices came into being and in turn how our history affects our current practice. To adequately serve the various populations, we must understand the historical oppression and discrimination they faced so we can provide culturally competent service delivery. This essay will compare and contrast the origins of micro and macro social work practice and how they are reflected in modern practice. In looking at the historical development of social work, I think it is fair to say that the profession started with a focus on micro-level practice. For some time a variety of different people groups such as women and African-Americans were oppressed and discriminated against. â€Å"The effects of discrimination, ideological shifts, and economic and technological changes created social pressures, and the first organized efforts to respond to these pressures formed the basis for the creation of social work† (Netting, Kettner, McMurtry, Thomas, 2012, p. 39). Early social work focused on individuals and casting blame on them for their circumstances. Social workers had good intentions, but believed poor people were poor because of some failing on their part and often held a moralistic view that they were better than those they were helping. Social work has always had some type of organization behind theShow MoreRelatedThe Obesity Epidemic Remains A Public Health Concern Worldwide1115 Words   |  5 PagesFamily) study; and VI) the rationale and need for this research. Throughout, these topics will particularly highlight evidence in Latino populations. . The Latino population in the United States is diverse. In this dissertation, the term Mexican-Origin is used to identify our study subjects who self-report as Mexican-American, Chicano or Mexican. The original terms (e.g. Latino, Hispanic, Mexican-American) used in other studies cited below will be retained to preserve integrity of the literatureRead MoreField Learning Experience : Professional Social Worker805 Words   |  4 Pagesplacement experience has permitted me to develop and evolve as a professional social worker. This was a time that I implemented my social work practice theories with the client system from a micro, mezzo and macro environment. This knowledge enables me to understand how changes in one individual influences changes in the family and community environments. As a social worker, I was able to combine the ecological and social systems theory, focusing on the individual and his or her environment. I wasRead MoreSocial Order (Foucault and Goffman)1463 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Social order derives from an interpretation of a net of relations, symbols and social codes. It creates a sense of how individuals all fit together in shared spaces (Silva, 2009, p. 308), and thus relies on encoding of human behaviour in physical spaces as well as among various individuals. In any society, people must acquire knowledge of how to relate to one another and their environment. Order is then established by a normalisation and standardisation of this knowledge. This essayRead MoreA Critique of Todays Process of Ijtihad814 Words   |  3 Pagesin contemporary social sciences. Its province is destined by God, may he be exalted, in a way to be determined and re-determined in the course of time by drawing insights from different branches of human science. The subject of riba, and other divine codes in Qur’an regarding dealings and transactions is such that no cohesive delineation of the scope can be regarded as final. Some of needless difficulties that have arisen in a proper interpretation of riba are of linguistic origin. The jurist’sRead MoreThere Are Different Theories, Perspectives, Practices,1704 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent theories, perspectives, practices, and models that guide the social worker’s profession. A theory is a framework that is used to analyze and explain the unknown or certain aspects of the world. A perspective is a point of view, an explanation for something that is uncertain or unknown. The transcultural perspective embraces five interrelated but distinct dimensions of diversity: 1) recognizing the importance of culture in social work at all levels of practice; 2) applying principles of culturalRead MoreHuman Behavior And Social Systems Development : Case Management, Direct Practice And Advocacy For Policy Development1610 Words   |  7 PagesSocial workers are professionals who promote social change through problem solving in human relationships. To ensure the wellbeing of clients they promote empowerment strategies and liberation tools. Social workers apply theories of human behavior and social systems development to support people’s positive interactions with the environment. Social workers play three major roles in working with children and their families. These three roles are key in the following practice arenas: case managementRead MoreSocial Justice is Vital in Relationship to Social Policy705 Words   |  3 PagesSocial justice is extremely import ant particularly in relation to social policy, social work practice and community development as it seeks to alleviate oppression and relates to the suitable distribution of resources and services (Cheyne, OBrien, Belgrave, 2008). This form of justice is recognized as distributive justice as it is concerned with the fair distribution of all resources that are required for well-being and it seeks to ensure all people have equal opportunity and enjoyment of allRead MoreCompare and Contrast Two Social Science Views about the Odering of Social Life1279 Words   |  6 Pages Without knowing it, social order is very important in everyday life. As Elizabeth Silva says ‘social order is a key principle of living together’ (Reflections on Ordered Lives, 2009, Audio). The ordering of social life can be looked at in many ways. However, two theories stand out when looking at the making of social order, that of Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault. Both of these theories are concerned with how society is produced and, more specifically, how social order is made and remade. WhileRead MoreThe Plight Of Modernity And The Social Conditions Associated With Modern Forms Of Capitalism1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe plight of modernity and the social conditions associated with modern forms of capitalism are issues of deep interest in the works of Marx and Weber. For these theorists, religious institutions serve important roles in understandings of how societal changes emerge. However, their understandings of how religion relates to social change are vastly diff erent. This is the result of fundamentally different assumptions underlying their particular theories. Within Marx’ understanding of religion, ideologiesRead MoreMy Vision Of The Social Work Field906 Words   |  4 PagesMy vision of the social work field is being able to help people in need and being the person that people can look back on and remember as a huge help in time of need. I think my core values and beliefs will help me be an effective social worker and help me succeed in this field. It is in my belief that a person should never be knocked down when they are going through hardships, and rather empowering them. I also believe that not everyone could be a social worker because it takes a certain kind of

World War Entry Essay - 1042 Words

January 1917- This war has been going on now for almost three years now, between countries all around the world, but mainly Europe. It has been both devastating so far to the lives of many uninvolved individuals, and has used all the countries’ resources and destroyed land. America has not entered the war yet, but I can see it coming in the near future as our president Woodrow Wilson becomes more and more upset with innocent Americans being killed and no fight back. April 1917- The bold letters of, â€Å"America Officially at War† cover the headlines of every newspaper I see. Just as I expected, there was no way our country would sit and watch for any longer. Propaganda signs cover walls persuading people to â€Å"Join the War† and â€Å"Do their†¦show more content†¦After the many near to death experiences I went through, it is a miracle that I am still here. I now return to my hometown, Columbus, Ohio to reunite with my family, after not being with them for several years. Returning back is exciting, seeing the family I’ve missed for so long, and coming back to my house and my town where I have lived all my life. December 1918- I returned home a changed person. Wherever I went, people flocked to see me, calling me â€Å"An American Hero.† It is different from the occasional recognition I was receiving from being a somewhat famous racecar driver. Now, directors ask me to act in movies, to endorse products and to be featured in commercials. However, I decline all requests. The most important for me is to be with my family. I missed them tremendously while I was overseas, and know that they need me as the country recovers from aftermath of the Great War. One thing I notice almost immediately upon arrival is the increasing amount of women working in places I would never see them in before the war. Seeing women as factory workers and other jobs would have been unheard of before the Great War because these jobs were usually taken on by men. It is understandable why this is happening, with so many men leaving to fight it there is no other alternative than to have women take their place. The next few years are going to be crucialShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Anne Frank971 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Essay In 1942 war broke out in Germany, Hitler, the leader of the Nazi’s, sent out Nazi troops to rid the world of Jewish people and make Germans rule completely. Many Jews fled the country and went into hiding living under strict rules, in fear of being found. A young girl named Anne Frank lived during this time. While in hiding, Anne wrote down all her experiences in a diary and her story went down in history. Three different genres of information help describe Annes life during the war. AnneRead MoreRichard Frankland s Digger J. Jones1650 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1967 Referendum and to a lesser extent, the Vietnam War. The passage, situated in the first few pages of the novel, immediately after the implied readers discover the origin of the name Digger, but prior to the first mention of Aboriginal people not being considered â€Å"proper citizens† (Frankland, 2007, pp 12) In the passage, Digger’s family learn of oldest son and big brother, Paul’s death. Thro ugh a close reading of the passage, this essay will explore the narrative and language features and howRead MoreThe Disregard Of Life During War1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Disregard for Human Life during War Times The quality of life for soldiers of war has decreased and basic necessities are lost. The value of civilian lives is also lost in the disputes between two countries. An example of this is, â€Å"Something was being burned there. A truck drew close and unloaded its hold: small children. Babies! Yes, I did see this, with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames† (Wiesel 33). The above quote from Night by Elie Wiesel represents the disregard of life andRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Life And Legacy1528 Words   |  7 Pagesmany readers around the world. By immersing himself into nature he hoped to gain more of a keen understanding of society through his own personal inspection. Living in simplicity and self sufficiency were other goals of Thoreau. This lifestyle was inspired by the transcendentalist philosophy, a popular custom during the American Romantic period. Proven in his literary works Thoreau was not an author that wrote stories, he wrote some poetry but most of his writings were essays. His work consisted ofRead MoreThe Life of Jean-Paul Sartre847 Words   |  4 Pagesinterested in philosophy after reading the essay â€Å"Time and Free Will† by Henri Bergson. In 1929, Sartre met Simone de Beauvoir. Beauvoir, who later on became a celebrated philosopher, stayed friends with Sartre throughout his entire life and would be the closest thing to a wife Sartre would ever have. In 1939, Sartre was drafted into the French army as a meteorologist. He was captured by German troops in 1940 and spent nine months as a prisoner of war. After World War II, Sartre emerged as a politicallyRead MoreWriting and Compare-and-contrast Essays1384 Words   |  5 Pagescompare-and-contrast essays. There are ways to organize your thoughts about compare-and-contrast topics, which will help you write thoughtful and balanced essays. Compare-and-Contrast Essays First, you will learn how to write a compare-and-contrast essay When you compare, you show how two or more things are alike. On the other hand, when you contrast, you show how two or more things are different. Click the buttons to see the difference between comparing two things and contrasting two things. An essay exploringRead MoreArab Spring and the French Revolution1272 Words   |  6 PagesFrench Revolution and the Arab Spring Essay Essay Prompt: To what extent does the French Revolution reflect the recent conflicts seen within the Arab Spring? Note: Consider the following themes: * Short-term and long-term causes * Popular Revolts * Voice of the People – leaders, writings, media and symbols * Shifts in Power * International Interventions * Religious Repercussions Research links/News Articles: Middle East Region - http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0Read MoreThe Causes of the First World War1166 Words   |  5 PagesThis question has formed part of the historiography of the causes of the First World War, a historical debate that has endured ever since the conflict ended. It periodically resurfaces with new theories being advanced such as the Fischer thesis, usually on account of the release of previously unseen documents or because of a shift in the political climate. It has emerged to the fore once again because this year is the centennial of the war’s outbreak and there are plans to commemorate it nationallyRead MoreThe United States Recent Wars Against Iraq Essay examples1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America fought within the last two decades two major wars against Iraq, which were totally different in their character. On the one hand, in 1990 America conducted Operation Desert Storm to defeat Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait, mainly wi th traditional also called conventional warfare. On the other hand, Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in 2003, which was after the declared defeat of Saddam Hussein’s military forces a brutal conflict of U.S. forces together with the new governmentRead MoreThe Notion of What It Means to Be British767 Words   |  3 Pages20 years from now. There is no consistent definition of what is a constantly evolving system, it is extremely challenging to characterize the profile of a common Briton. This essay will examine what it means to be a Briton in three distinct time periods.; beginning with pre-World War Britain, then shooting to Post World War II, and finishing with what it means to be a British citizen today. In examining these specific times, a glimpse can be given into the whole of the meaningfulness of the nation

Gonzales V. Raich Free Essays

Pace University Michael Khoo LAW 101 Gonzales v. Raich(545 U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Gonzales V. Raich or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 (U. S. Sup. Ct. 2005)) I. FACTS Angel Raich and Diane Monson (plaintiffs) suffered from serious medical conditions and the only effective treatment was the use of Marijuana which was recommended by the doctors. In 1996, a California statue, under the name of The Compassionate Use Act, was established to legally allow marijuana to be used only for medicinal purposes. Monson cultivated her own Marijuana for her own usage as she relied on it heavily for daily functions. The Drug Enforcement Administration (defendant) came to Monson’s house, discovered the cannabis plants and destroyed all six of them. Raich and Monson sued the DEA to obtain an injunction that would inhibit the enforcement of the federal Control Substance Act (CSA) on Monson. The CSA classifies marijuana as a controlled substance. Raich and Monson claimed that enforcing the CSA would violate the Commerce Clause and the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. II. JUDGEMENT Angel Raich and Diane Monson (plaintiffs) won the case. The Drug Enforcement Administration (defendant) lost the case. III. LEGAL PRINCIPAL A. ISSUE Whether Congress’ power to regulate interstate markets for medical substances encompasses the portions of those markets that are supplied with drugs produced and consumed locally. B. HOLDING No. IV. REASONING A. GENERAL ANALYSIS In this Constitutional Case, the Controlled Substance Act (CSA) gives Congress and the Federal government the right to confiscate and/ or destroy any discovered controlled substances. Marijuana is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance due to hazards, high potential for abuse and lack of medicinal benefits. The Compassionate Use Act was created in 1996 in California as a statue that legally allows Marijuana to be used only for medicinal and medical purposes. The argument used against the DEA for enforcing the CSA on the plaintiffs is that it would be a violation of the Commerce Clause which is a major component of the Fifth Amendment. The Commerce Clause establishes that the congress has the authority to oversee, regulate and intervene in interstate commercial activity. B. APPLIED ANALYSIS The Controlled Substance Act’s jurisdiction was used by the DEA to destroy Marijuana in Monson’s house because of the simple fact that Marijuana is categorized as a Schedule 1 controlled substance. However the plaintiffs argue that such action would take away the power of the Commerce Clause of the Fifth Amendment which states that the federal government body has the authority to overlook and regulate interstate activity. Nowhere in that clause does it give the federal body the power to regulate intrastate activity which is the case of the cultivation of marijuana in Monson’s house. In addition to that, the Compassionate Use Act supports the cultivation of marijuana in Monson’s house because Monson is a patient who was severely ill and whose life was dependent on the usage of Marijuana for recovery. According to the circumstances of this case in which the possession of marijuana was due to health, medical and medicinal reason, and for abuse purposes, the Supreme Court has overruled the DEA to execute the CSA on Monson. How to cite Gonzales V. Raich, Papers

Journal of Ministerial Deveopment

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Ministerial Deveopment? Answer: Experience: Special Education Project I am a pastor of a Catholic Church in west of London, and in the year 2015 on the month of November, one of my friend invited me to his ministry. I visited his ministry, and saw that he is working on a very unique project. His project is mainly associated with different schools and the education that is being provided to the students in schools. The students in the schools are not being provided with teachings like fire drills, and things like that but they are being provided with different kinds of education; they are being taught to deal with critical incidents that may arise at any point of time. There are times when the students face critical situations like violence, abuse, injuries because of any kind of accident or something, which could create a trauma inside the students and the trauma is not only devastating for the school but also for the community as well. My friend, provide emotional support to these students or to the children so that they could easily come out of the t rauma and could live a better life. He asked me to accompany in him in his project, at first I was skeptical about accompanying him because I was busy studying the Bible at that time; then I thought that if I have to develop myself as a pastor then I should be aware of the critical conditions that the sons of God face almost every day, so I changed my mind and accompanied him in his project. It is true that being a pastor I have lots of work to do and I have commitments towards my family as well, so I hesitated at first, but then I accompanied him in his project. Exploration: There are so many schools around the district where my friends work as a pastor. The schools are all good but at times there are some unexpected incidents that could take place in the life of the students that could change the life of the students studying in the schools. The different kinds of incidents that could take place in the life of the students include incidents like accidents and abuses as well as violence. Incidents like, fire, flood and other natural and man-made threats could affect the life of the student, in more than one ways, and it could emotionally affect the students as well. Therefore, fighting fires and floods and other disaster physically, should not be the main aim of the schools, they should make sure that the students who are going through the trauma of any kind of disaster should come out of it easily. Moreover at times there are students in the schools, who commit suicide, and things such as these; these acts too have a devastating effect on the students s tudying in the school. In short the incidents that hamper the daily activity of the schools, and that which are not welcoming in are categorized as the critical incidents. The critical incidents not only have a negative effect on the students but at the same time the critical incidents also have a negative impact or an effect on the people working in the organization. The symptoms and the way the students and the staff will react vary with the cultural background of the students and the staff. Therefore, the critical incidents should be dealt carefully, because it could gave rise to harmful conflicts among the school personnel and at times the school authorities are also pressurize to take decision under stress. The schools always prepare themselves for things like earthquake, floods, and fires but along with preparing themselves for these kinds of incident it is also important to prepare the students as well as the staffs for critical incidents as well. The critical incidents not only include those traumatic incidents that are taking place within the school hour and in the school premises but at the same time those incident that took place after the school hours and even away from the school premises should also be taken into consideration. The incident that could take outside the school premises and after school hours include incidents that are occurring in a sports activity or in a sports event. The activities like a murder in the school premise, or a sudden death in the school premise, or the sudden death inside the school, through incidents like suicide could have a negative effect on the people who are there in the school. Things like, child abuse and violence, or any kind of serious injury occurring due to any cause like the use of the weapon in the school premise could also have a bad effect not only the students who are studying there but also on the other people as well (Ortoleva and Btrancourt 2016). Things like the bomb threat too, are not at all very good for the mental health of the people who are there in the school and therefore, the school should always be ready to provide support to these people. The schools should chalk out a plan so that even if any such situation takes place inside the school premise then that could be easily avoided through the proper plans and the measures that are being taken by the school authority. The school management and the authori ty should also be ready to provide mental support to both the staff and the students so that they could easily overcome the trauma through which they are going and live a better and a healthy life. The school should have their plans ready for handling any kind of dangerous or critical situation, so that if it takes place the school authority and the management have enough knowledge and learning to handle the situation; the most important part is that the school authority should be ready to handle the emotional trauma through which the staffs, the teachers and most importantly the teachers and the students go through. The schools should have a team ready so that in case there is any critical situation or if there is an occurrence of the critical incident inside the school, they can act immediately without much problem or hesitation. The team should include the principal of the school, the counselor who is there in the school and at the same time the schools should also have the head of every department and the other staffs as well; which include the clerical staff, the child care worker, the assistant teachers and the other staffs of the school. My friend told me that the people who are included in these teams must possess certain qualities and it include qualities like compassion, friendliness, the leadership quality and the qualities such as these. Moreover the members should also have the decision making quality and at the same time the members should also have the listening quality as well. They should be able to listen to all the instruction and decision carefully and should follow the decision accordingly. Most importantly they should always be available and they should feel comfortable in working in flexible times, only then they should be there in the team. Theological Reflection The project really intrigued me a lot and I wanted to find out if theology could really help me to find an answer to the problems that are being faced by those who have experienced the critical incidents. I wanted to find out that if theology could provide solace to those people who had faced the critical situation? Do theology and its texts provide any kind of support, especially emotional support to those who have face the critical situation? Therefore, I looked into few texts, like the Bible, Genesis, and the gospels and into few other texts to have answers of the questions that are raised within me. Child abuse or any kind of abuse is something that should be prohibited, at least, according to me. I wonder if Bible has anything to say about abuse or not, so I took the Bible and went through the Bible. I found out that Bible has not use the word abuse anywhere, although it has prohibited abuse, especially emotional abuse is being prohibited by the Bible. According to gospel of James, in chapter 3 and in line 9, anyone who is being created in the image of God should not be cursed in any way. In the gospel of Matthew in chapter 22 lines 35 to 40, I found out that emotional abuse actually violates two of the greatest commandments of God; among those two greatest commandments one is the love towards the God and love for all the others who are made in the image of the God. Mark in chapter 8 and in line 34 has stated that if the Man spoke the wholesome words then he denies the Christian way of living a life in a roundabout way. Therefore, in the gospel of Mark also the same prohibition , against using abuses is being found (Higton 2015). The Ephesian chapter 4 line 29 states that if a person uses abusive words then he (she) lacks the fear of God and at the same time it also means that the persons action could lead to destruction. Therefore, the use of the abusive words actually means denying the fact that there is a presence or the existence of any kind of God. After I have found out these facts about abuses I wanted to found out what Bible has to say about all the different kinds of violence and destruction and how the Bible or any other theological texts condemned any kind of violence (Lim 2015). Before I found out the words that are against violence or any kind of destruction I found out these lines that could provide solace to any person who has gone through any critical situation or who could actually be the medium through which violence can occur at any point of time: The Lord's bond-servant must not be quarrelsome, but be kind to all, able to teach, patient when wronged, with gentleness correcting those who are in opposition, if perhaps God may grant them repentance leading to the knowledge of the truth, and they may come to their senses and escape from the snare of the devil, having been held captive by him to do his will. (2Timothy 2:24-26) Violence and overcoming violence is a difficult thing and at times the trauma of violence is such that overcoming that violence becomes a challenge for the human beings. I thought if during a critical situation someone is gone through that deep trauma of violence and could not overcome it and is thinking about the ultimate sin, ending the life that is being build in the image of the God; then is there any way to bring that person out of that trauma? I thought the Bible should have something for that person and therefore, I searched for it and I found that according to the evangelist, the life that is being provided by the God is a divine life. The fact that the Earth is not the ultimate rather it is the penultimate, is a truth but at the same it is also a truth that the duties and the works that are being carried out on this Earth are sacred duties and should be carried out properly, and this penultimate reality should have a perfection of the love if there is a love towards the brot hers and the sisters who are surviving on this Earth and is living an Earthly life (Hick 2015). It is true that the Old Testament has many stories, where the examples of violence and violent acts being carried out by the order of the God are being stated. For example there is the story of Abraham, to whom God commands to sacrifice his son Isaac by binding him, although he was later saved by one of the angels. The New Testament although have reference to those facts where things like kindness, gentility, love is being given more importance than any other things. For example in case of the New Testament, these lines are being found: Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you". (Ephesians 4:32) But I say to you who hear, Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you". (Luke 6:27) You have heard that it was said, You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy. But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven. For he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good and sends rain on the just and on the unjust. For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? And if you greet only your brothers, what more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same?". (Matthew 5:43-48) The act of violence is always being condemned in the Bible and the New Testament, especially condemns any act of violence to a great extend. The project of my friends is about those children and those people who faces critical situation in the school and thus it can be said that the project is directly related to the human sufferings, or rather to the sufferings of life. The sufferings are not only physical sufferings but at the same time it is also related to mental or to the emotional sufferings as well. I know Jesus had suffered a lot and had died for the human kind sacrificing his life, none of the human sufferings could match his sufferings but then if I had to things about human sufferings I have to know more about what the Christian theology and its texts had to say about human pain and human sufferings (Moltmann 2015). In the Christian Theology one of the most important part is the theology of Cross. According to the theology of cross, one could only recognize the self revelation of God, through, shame, humility and through sufferings. Therefore, sufferings are an important part of the human life because without sufferings one could not think of a life because God identify with human compassion and human love through human sufferings. Therefore, sufferings of the human life are a must needed thing and one should accept the sufferings that he/she experiences. According to Pope John Paul II, "Suffering is something which is still wider than sickness", and he states the following things because he believe that there is a kind of "distinction between physical suffering and moral suffering" (Boxall et.al 2015) The theology and the texts therefore, helped me to know what the Bible has to say about pain, sufferings, abuse and violence. I felt that the project with which my friend is dealing is really very good and the theology and the texts of theology could be very helpful in this case (Holligan and Wilson 2015). The texts in theology could not only guide the people who are planning or rather getting prepared with a plan but at the same time, it will also help those people who are going through the trauma and they need counseling and other kinds of emotional and psychological support to get out from that trauma. The Bible and other texts such as the New Testament and the Gospels and the other texts, even the words of the Pope John Paul II are helpful and at times supportive for the students and the staff who has gone through any kind of critical experience. I also think that the team which should be prepared for combating the critical incidents whenever it occurs should also include people who have the good knowledge of the theology and the words of these theological texts would be very useful in providing the right and the correct support to those, who has gone through an emotional trauma. Action/Response The project of my friend really overwhelmed me and I thought that the people or rather the students in my ministry is also going through a same kind of experience and if I too could help in promoting such a special education system then nothing will be better than it. Therefore, I had talk with the senior pastor of my ministry and he too felt that the idea is really a very good idea and he provided me with all his support so that I could carry on with my project. I therefore, decided to arrange a meeting in my church where I addressed all the other people and let them know about my project. My project include not only providing the best support to the students and the staffs in the school, so that they could combat the critical situations whenever it takes place but at the same time I also aim at providing theological education to the students and the staff as well. The education will not be provided for any religious purpose, rather the purpose of providing this education will be to make sure that people during the time of crisis have enough mental or psychological strength, to help the others, to show kindness and love towards the others. I believe that the education will also help the students as well as the staffs to come out of any kind of trauma through which they are going and thus the theological texts will really help me to carry on with my project in my ministry Moreover, people who are being induce with the thought of suicide and other things for them the lesson of learning and the importance of having human life should be explained properly and therefore, in my project these texts will definitely play a very important role and this is the conclusion to which I have reached after the theological reflection I had. References Boxall, I. and Matthew, D., 2015. Allen, Michael, and Scott R. Swain. Reformed Catholicity: The Promise of Retrieval for Theology and Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2015. Anatolios, Khaled. The Holy Trinity in the Life of the Church. Grand Rapids: Baker Aca-demic, 2014. Arnold, Bill T. Ancient Israels History: An Introduction to Issues and Sources. Grand. Toronto Journal of Theology, pp.303-306. Brock, B., 2015. What does disability have to do with Christian ethics? Why its absence matters. St Mark's Review, (232), p.23. Brock, B., 2015. What does disability have to do with Christian ethics? Why its absence matters. St Mark's Review, (232), p.23. Buc, P., 2015. Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror: Christianity, Violence, and the West. University of Pennsylvania Press. Cox, J.E., 2015. Love is Better than Knowledge: Paul, Luther and a Theology of Being Human. theology sexuality, 21(1), pp.53-69. Green, W., 2015. CS Lewis Theology on Pain and Suffering. Herman, J.L., 2015. 5 Sexual violence, han, and spiritual death. Rape Culture and Spiritual Violence: Religion, Testimony, and Visions of Healing, p.83. Hick, J., 2015. God and the Universe of Faiths. Oneworld Publications. Higton, M., 2015. Carter Lindberg, Love: A Brief History Through Western Christianity. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008, xii+ 195pp. 18.99 Werner G. Jeanrond, A Theology of Love. London: T. T. Clark, 2010, xiv+ 292pp. 19.99 Gary Chartier, The Analogy of Love: Divine and Human Love at the Center of Christian Theology. Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2007, xviii+ 294pp. 17.95. International Journal of Systematic Theology, 17(3), pp.344-346. Holligan, C. and Wilson, M., 2015. Critical incidents as formative influences on the work of educational researchers: understanding an insider perspective through narrative enquiry. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 36(3), pp.453-473. Lim, T., 2015. Book Review: Christ and Reconciliation, A Constructive Christian Theology for the Pluralistic World Series, volume 1, written by Veli-Matti Krkkinen. Pneuma, 37(1), pp.130-132. Moltmann, J., 2015. The Crucified God. Fortress Press. Olsen, G.W., 2015. Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror: Christianity, Violence, and the West, ca. 70 CE to the Iraq War by Philippe Buc (review). The Catholic Historical Review, 101(4), pp.892-894. Ortoleva, G. and Btrancourt, M., 2016. Supporting productive collaboration in a computer-supported instructional activity: peer-feedback on critical incidents in health care education. Journal of Vocational Education Training, pp.1-20. Prez, Z.M., 2015. We Love God, the Holy Spirit!. The Asbury Journal, 70(2), p.6. Pope, S.J. ed., 2015. Hope and Solidarity: Jon Sobrino's Challenge to Christian Theology. Orbis Books. Schreiter, R.J., 2015. Reconciliation: Mission and ministry in a changing social order. Orbis books. Shetty, P., 2016. Medical Mission and the Interpretation of Pain. In Cultural Ontology of the Self in Pain (pp. 269-283). Springer India. Stormshak, E.A., Brown, K.L., Moore, K.J., Dishion, T., Seeley, J. and Smolkowski, K., 2016. Going to scale with family-centered, school-based interventions: Challenges and future directions. In Family-School Partnerships in Context (pp. 25-44). Springer International Publishing. Thistlethwaite, S.B., 2015. Women's Bodies as Battlefield: Christian Theology and the Global War on Women. Palgrave Macmillan. Thistlethwaite, S.B., 2015. Women's Bodies as Battlefield: Christian Theology and the Global War on Women. Palgrave Macmillan. Torrance, T.F., 2015. The Christian frame of mind: Reason, order, and openness in theology and natural science. Wipf and Stock Publishers. Townes, E. ed., 2015. Troubling in my Soul: Womanist Perspectives on Evil and Suffering. Orbis Books. Wilkinson, I. and Kleinman, A., 2016. A Passion for Society: How We Think about Human Suffering (Vol. 35). Univ of California Press.

Iron In Drinking Water Essays - Spectroscopy, Absorbance

Iron In Drinking Water Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to gain the quantitative measure of the color difference between Transmitance and absorbance in 8 different samples of water containing varying amounts of iron in a range between 5-100ppm, so that we know which samples where exceptable for drinking. Data: The Mystery Solution had a transmittance of 62.2% Calculations: 80ppm(25ml)= 20ml 100ppm This means that in order to get 25ml of 80ppm solution 20ml of water must be added to the previous solution. Absorbtion: y=2-Log (concentration) Y=2-Log (10.3) Y=0.98 Mystery Solution: Absorbance= .0103 X concentration of mystery solution Absorbance= .05011 Mystery Solution: .206209615=.0103* concentration of mystery solution Concentration=20 Question 2. 125/20=6.25 x Less Question 3. 8 ounces (1 quart/32 ounces) (1 liter/1.057 quarts)=.2365 Discussion: The Spectrophotometer measures the absorbance of light, a beam of light is passed through a transparent tube containing the absorbing liquid. The intensity of light reaching a detector is compared to the intensity reaching the detector in the absence of the absorbing material. Beer's law is that the absorbance (defined as log) is proportional to the concentration.

How To Revise A Novel A Step-by-Step Guide

How To Revise A Novel A Step-by-Step Guide How To Revise A Novel: Taking Your Manuscript From Scruffy To Spliffy Last updated: 2017/07/11A week after NaNoWriMo, it is time for you to go back to your novel and ruthlessly revise it. To help you with that, we asked our specialist developmental editor Maria D’Marco to share her top tips on how to revise a novel. Follow them and you might be able to turn your first draft into material worthy of submission.The first thing to keep in mind once you have finished your first draft is that the writing process is not over. You have to accept that creating ever-improving iterations of your manuscript takes time. Your goal here is not perfection (you’ll have to work with a pro editor to get there), it is balance; so do not get hung up on minutiae and work quickly through your drafts.How to revise a novel in 9 key stagesThere is one underlying concept that should drive your revision process: the foundation of Continuity and Relationships, or how everything relates to every other thing in the story.Of course, you shouldn’t try to tackle ev erything at once; instead you should avoid mind-boggle by approaching your re-writes progressively, stage-by-stage.Share this infographic! Click below  to tweet about it or Pin it on your board 🙂 The first 4 stages of the revision process are primarily developmental and should be tackled as individual reviews and re-writes. Each stage will potentially represent a new iteration of the draft. A novice author should expect to perform at least 3 total revisions of their manuscript, before moving into the writing reviews (the last 2 stages). Character reviews are the most time-intensive, deservedly so.Time LineAs the author, you have a running timeline or chronology for your story. It is vital to remember that the reader is not privy to this timeline until you share it with them. Do not leave them to their own devices! This is your story- lead the way!Again, consistency is your gate-keeper, so your revision must ensure that your time line makes sense, supports the story, and has no "whaaa?" factors. You can also check for innovative ways to introduce your time line, which may enlighten as to the time of day, day of the week, month, year, season, etc. Using well-known events can es tablish multiple time points, as well as having a character who is a bit (or very) obsessed with time and checks watches and clocks regularly.CharactersYou have an intimate knowledge of all your characters- well, most likely anyway. To capture their essence on the page and ensure continuity, follow each character through the entire manuscript. Do their actions make sense? Do they contribute to every scene they occupy? Do they elicit emotion? Do they create a turn in the plot (however small)? Are they clichà ©? Does their dialogue add to the scene or the progression of the story?Each character must have a purpose to the story, so perform your revision by 'seeing' the story through their eyes and enriching their interactions, actions, and dialogue as you go.Environments ScenesYou 'see' the environment of every scene vividly, but have you created that vivid environment for the reader? You know the season, the time of day, the placement of each character (plus their mindset importanc e to the scene) within the scene, what the character is wearing, how the action will progress within the scene, etc.As you revise, is every environment and scene written to engage the reader's imagination? And are they imagining what you want and need them to imagine?From worldbuilding to a space the character only occupies for a moment, you must scrutinize each environmental element for opportunities to enrich your story and build a stronger draft.Transitions PacingThese are related elements that can be sticky to refine. The need to identify any lack of consistency in the movement of the story is the goal.Transitions, whether paragraph breaks, chapter breaks, or scene changes are finessed partitions that conclude or leave things hanging and set up or anticipate moves within the story. Transitions can come at the end of a paragraph, chapter, or scene, but can also occur at other times, particularly as set up or anticipatory dialogue or 'hint dropping'.Pacing ties to transitions, as well as to types of scenes, and can keep readers breathless and excited, bored to tears, or precariously tormented between the two. It is the engagement factor that determines the rate at which your story is absorbed. Some refer to pacing as 'flow', not to be confused with 'readability', which refers to comprehension.Revise your story transitions, re-writing to improve focus and positioning, while cementing pivotal transitions that function as story turning points. A 'log' of transitions can help track the movement of the story. This same log can be a complementary tool in your pacing review, allowing you to further indentify and re-write material to support story continuity.Assumed KnowledgeThis is, to me, the greatest pitfall in authoring any novel- or any other type of writing. We have a wealth of knowledge about our book, from personal experience and observations to careful research. We have saturated our minds with endless details, as well as visions of our story, characters, and environments. We then write from that empowered position; and often, assumption of knowledge skewers our story.In every revision, along with the foundation of continuity and relationships, be mindful of assumed knowledge. Shore up the information presented to the reader when necessary so the reader can experience your story from your deeper perspective.Sentence Starts StructuresStrictly a writing review, with the objective of exposing repetitive writing habits. Such habits can dramatically affect your story, as they eventually become predictable to the reader, which then makes them aware of you, the author, instead of your story.Everyone has writing habits. They are tied to our accustomed way of communicating. Some are so ingrained that they become known as our 'style'.This revision isn't meant to dilute your style, your special voice, or any other uniqueness in your writing. Instead, you will be checking for unimaginative sentence starts, obtuse or convoluted sentence structur es, and repetitive phrases or words or use of character names, among other things.Continuity isn't bettered by starting nearly every sentence with a pronoun or a character's name. Combining related concepts in a complex sentence can enrich a transition or deepen emoting. Creating 40-50 word sentences that over-explain, confuse, or present concepts at cross-purposes can tire a reader and even cause them to abandon your story.Identify when, where, and if these lame or aggravating writing habits appear in your story, and then re-write to strengthen your story.DialogueYou probably can envision most of the conversations held between your characters, but have you framed these conversations in an engaging way, avoided using actions or reactions as dialogue tags (we can grimace, but cannot 'grimace' words), or ensured that a conversation actually contributes to the story?Once again, continuity and the relationship of dialogue to the scene and story should guide you in your revision and re-w rites. Consider the entirety of the scene, what it is meant to accomplish, and if the dialogue promotes that goal. Does the dialogue expand and deepen the understanding of the story, the characters, and the relationships between all?An additional review aspect is to identify any instances where dialogue is used as an info-dump, back-story or otherwise. Determine if that material is better presented as narrative. Dialogue that informs is fine, as long as it is the most appropriate and powerful way to present the information.Are you looking for more advice on how to revise your novel? Check out some of our  other editors' advice on the Kobo blog.Of course, nothing trumps working with editing professionals. And we happen to have the best ones (like Maria) on Reedsy, so check out our marketplace here.